Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that can damage the optic nerve, which is responsible for transmitting visual information from your eyes to your brain. This damage is often caused by increased pressure within the eye, known as intraocular pressure (IOP). If left untreated, glaucoma can lead to permanent vision loss and even blindness.
 

The most common type of glaucoma is primary open-angle glaucoma, where the drainage system in the eye becomes blocked, causing a gradual buildup of pressure. Less common types include angle-closure glaucoma, where the iris suddenly blocks the drainage angle, and secondary glaucoma, which can be caused by other medical conditions or eye injuries.
 

Glaucoma typically develops slowly, and the early stages often go unnoticed, as the loss of peripheral vision is gradual. However, as the condition progresses, it can lead to tunnel vision, where you can only see what's directly in front of you, and in advanced cases, complete blindness.
 

Recognizing Glaucoma Symptoms

While glaucoma can be difficult to detect in its early stages, there are several symptoms you should be aware of that may indicate the presence of this condition:

• Gradual vision loss: One of the earliest and most common symptoms of glaucoma is a gradual loss of peripheral vision, also known as tunnel vision. This can make it difficult to see objects or people to the side or above and below your direct line of sight.
• Sudden eye pain and redness: Angle-closure glaucoma, a less common but more severe form of the condition, can cause sudden and intense eye pain, redness, and blurred vision. This is a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment.
• Halos around lights: Some people with glaucoma may experience the appearance of halos or rainbows around lights, especially at night. This can be caused by the increased pressure in the eye.
• Nausea and vomiting: Angle-closure glaucoma can also cause nausea and vomiting, as the sudden increase in eye pressure can affect the entire body.
• Difficulty adjusting to darkness: If you find it increasingly challenging to see in dimly lit environments, it could be a sign of optic nerve damage from glaucoma.

What to Do if You Experience Glaucoma Symptoms

Glaucoma is a progressive condition, and the earlier it is detected and treated, the better the chances of preserving your vision. It's essential to seek medical attention as soon as you notice any of symptoms of glaucoma. A comprehensive eye exam with an optometrist is the first step in diagnosing and managing glaucoma. During this exam, your eye doctor will:

• Measure your intraocular pressure (IOP): This is the primary way to detect glaucoma, as increased eye pressure is a significant risk factor for the condition.
• Examine the optic nerve: Your optometrist will use specialized imaging techniques, such as optical coherence tomography (OCT), to assess the health and structure of your optic nerve.
• Evaluate your peripheral vision: They will perform visual field tests to determine if you have any blind spots or areas of reduced vision.
• Check for other risk factors: Your eye doctor will also consider factors like your age, family history, and overall health to assess your risk of developing glaucoma.

Treatment Options for Glaucoma

If you are diagnosed with glaucoma, your eye doctor will work with you to develop a customized treatment plan to manage the condition and prevent further vision loss. The specific treatment approach will depend on the type and severity of your glaucoma, as well as your overall health and lifestyle factors. Some of the common treatment options for glaucoma include:

• Eye Drops: Prescription eye drops are often the first line of defense in treating glaucoma. These medications work by reducing the production of fluid in the eye or improving its drainage, helping to lower intraocular pressure.
• Oral Medications: In some cases, your optometrist may prescribe oral medications, such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, to help lower eye pressure.
• Laser Treatments: Procedures like laser trabeculoplasty can be used to improve the drainage of fluid from the eye, reducing intraocular pressure.
• Surgical Interventions: For more advanced cases of glaucoma, your eye doctor may recommend surgical treatments, such as trabeculectomy or tube shunt surgery, to create a new pathway for fluid drainage.

It's essential to follow your optometrist's instructions carefully and attend all scheduled follow-up appointments. Regular monitoring and adjustments to your treatment plan may be necessary to ensure the best possible outcomes for your eye health.
 

Book Your Comprehensive Eye Exam with Palo Alto Eyes Optometry Today

Glaucoma is a serious eye condition that can have a significant impact on your vision if left untreated. By recognizing the early symptoms, seeking immediate medical attention, and working closely with your optometrist, you can take control of your eye health and protect your sight.
 

A comprehensive eye exam is the first step in diagnosing and managing glaucoma. Your optometrist will use a variety of tests and techniques to assess your condition and develop a personalized treatment plan to help lower your intraocular pressure and prevent further vision loss.
 

If you're experiencing any symptoms of glaucoma, schedule an appointment Palo Alto Eyes Optometry today. Our comprehensive eye exams and personalized treatment plans can help you take control of your eye health and maintain your vision for years to come. Visit our office in Palo Alto, California, or call (650) 321-2015 to book an appointment today.